Archive for the ‘low-performing schools’ Category

Eliminate tenure-Ensure teacher quality

Wednesday, February 2nd, 2011

In the State of the Union speech earlier this month, President Obama spoke of moving education for the nation’s children up front. The time to exert ourselves is now. We can make improvements that will help the country grow long term.

Great! But the road to student success brings to mind a plethora of factors: tests, budgets, vouchers, evaluation, curriculum, core standards, classroom management, teacher preparation. The list goes on and on.

But wait! A number of state governors are making loud noises about teacher tenure. They are positive that eliminating just this single hundred year old fixture of teacher protection from arbitrary dismissal will solve the problem of low-performing schools.

Every teacher knows the stories of weak colleagues with high salaries and poor classroom management who couldn’t be dismissed without lengthy hearings and attempts to help them improve. And every teacher knows the stories of teachers who were harassed by administrators because they stood up for their rights until they left the profession.

Simply tossing teacher tenure from the state’s education legislation may be the easy thing to do, but would hardly be the solution to teacher quality or achievement for students.

Other measures are being debated.

For instance, Memphis city school system is trying to settle its budget woes by merging the city schools with the suburban schools of Shelby County, Tennessee. Such a merger has set off a conflict of rich and poor, urban vs. suburban needs, shifting costs. Still, those disputes are attempts to improve the achievement of students-the goal of education.

Maybe vouchers are the end all and be all. The Florida legislature has written another bill to make money available for students in failing schools to move to private schools. It could be one way to dismantle low-performing schools, but how to judge whether the particular private school is going to help the new students?

In New York City Schools, Learning Leaders is a volunteer organization that provides tutors and parent education to promote literacy for a school’s low-performing children. The results indicate higher scores on standardized tests, improved attendance, enhanced social skills and behavior. The model is an intense focus on factors to improve achievement for students.

How about three models espoused by organizations to improve teacher quality? William J. Slotnick of Community Assistance and Training Center has helped Denver Public Schools and Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools in North Carolina. They focus on models where teachers and principals set goals and select measures for yearly student achievement. Teacher evaluation is based on success in completing the goals.

A report on establishing teacher quality, written by Education Resource Strategies in Watertown, Massachusetts, suggests guidelines for schools, districts, and states. All suggestions are based on a bottom up strategy which should ensure teacher and union participation.

Here are the five suggestions: create teams to plan for change; empower the teams; build better steps to recruit highly qualified personnel to carry out the plan; help teachers achieve potential; reward personnel contributions to student achievement.

A third model offered by the National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality describes similar steps for improving student achievement and teacher quality. The NCCTQ report specifically takes up the ‘third rail’ of teacher tenure when addressing teacher evaluation issues.

In California all of the problems noted above are hitting the schools: budget woes and merging districts; education experts advocating vouchers; unions offering accountability models for teacher evaluation; models showing ways to improve student achievement in failing schools. It is highly unlikely that the California legislature will cut teacher tenure from the education code. It will, however, be part of a revised teacher evaluation system.

It will be a hard row to hoe. But the ask is to move forward, make change for the good of the country.

What do unions say?

Wednesday, January 19th, 2011

Are unions bringing the U.S. down? Does unionization mean that jobs will never increase? Whose jobs-private sector, public sector?

Teachers unions, for example, are blamed for everything related to school problems.  They hold onto pay scale systems that are old-fashioned; berate the weaknesses of state tests; defend weak teachers; stand against changes to teacher evaluation; and, especially, defend teacher retirement systems.

Wait a minute. Teachers have formed professional organizations since the mid-eighteen hundreds. In 1959 when Wisconsin passed labor laws that allowed collective bargaining, teachers unions adopted labor union strategies. Negotiations for decent pay, hours, work place safety, as well as curriculum and evaluation became the norm.

With the current budget struggles, it is easy to lump all labor unions into one bundle and scapegoat those institutions for all the money problems of each state. It is true that to keep middle class wages, benefits, and pensions, the unions can use their negotiation muscle, but who would not want to keep what you’ve worked for?

Are you thinking of the Wall Street-hedge fund-private equity manager guys who’ve certainly used muscle to keep tax revenue low and bonuses high? Do the state governors and assemblies come to mind, who budgeted for pensions in good times but are now stingy in bad money times?

Right now, private sector workers are being pitted against public sector workers in unions, in an effort to justify taking away money to balance state budgets. The lawmakers who want to resolve the fiscal crisis on workers backs say that public employees earn far more in average wages than private sector employees. Think, however, about college degrees that teachers must have; only 23% of private-sector workers have those degrees. In most professions, a college degree is worth a higher salary. Overall in fact, public sector wages have dropped relative to private sector pay.  However, since jobs have been lost mainly in the private-sector, due to the recession, it is easy to establish a stand-off.

Teachers unions do need to turn to themselves. National Education Association(NEA) stances on dropout prevention, plans to lower the achievement gap, placing limits on charter schools and vouchers do benefit school communities.

Still, unions are not wearing halos. First and foremost, unions must use their muscle to help schools that are truly failing, instead of finding excuses for longtime poor performance. Insist on changes to student assessments that do not lead to school quality, a big factor for improvement. Next, teacher evaluation must be taken on. Once teachers feel they are being evaluated fairly, then unions can focus on changes in pay-no longer ’steps and ladders’ and tenure, but a plan to combine performance with pay. Last, teachers unions in some states can be part of a team that bargains for changes to pension systems.

Stop pointing fingers. All workers have the right to bargain for working conditions and decent pay. Setting teachers against social workers against electricians against public defenders against state engineers is not the solution to budget problems.

Stop reproaching unions, claiming that student achievement would improve if only unions were out of the way.

Civility and collaboration generate better outcomes.

(More on the private vs. public sector union issues can be found in the San Francisco Chronicle’s January 16, 2012, Insight article by Robert Reich. More on teachers unions at the NEA website.)

Prognosis: California Will Wrangle

Wednesday, January 5th, 2011

Happy New Year!  Take Care Productions wishes it would be, but it won’t happen until the state has exhausted itself fighting over ’spending cuts’ and ‘increasing revenue’.

Writers in the San Francisco Chronicle and the New York Times have scratched their heads over low-performing schools that are not improving test scores.  Whether it shows up in an effort to call out poor teachers by using the “value-added” formula or in the bleak results when analyzing low rates of student proficiency, no one is happy.

The California Teachers Association  strong-armed California’s passage of the Quality Education Invest Act (QEIA) which uses the Academic Performance Index (California’s API) as the indicator of scholastic improvement.  In six years (2004 - 2010) the 500 QEIA schools reached an average of 21.2% proficient students.  That’s good enough?  It means 68.8% still weren’t on track.

Why?  Is it the ‘test’ or is it teacher evaluation? The media has written article after article. Universities have spewed forth document after document to talk about low-performing schools and poor quality tests or low-performing schools and poor  teacher evaluation.

On the other hand, Mary M. Kennedy of Michigan State has reminded everyone of the attribution error, ignoring the working conditions of the teacher, preparation time, materials, work assignments, untreated student characteristics.  As if no matter the conditions, a good teacher can make the difference.  Maybe, but it takes time.  And the “value-added” attribute doesn’t make the grade when school boards as well as unions insist on old evaluation tools.

In British Columbia, Michael Shumatcher hits the button when he reminds the country of the demographic issue, urban or rural, and struggling populations who could use spending to promote the neededlearning tools instead of useless evaluation tools.

Or read Thomas Stephens, professor emeritus at the College of Education and Human Ecology, Ohio State University, who says one can find many good evaluation tools.  His hit is that the multi-billion dollar test industry won’t be pleased.

Let’s move on to California’s Sue Miller from Santa Monica who is representing the teachers who do all the work and need praise, not vitriol.

Which brings us to the wrangling likely in California which is deeply in debt from state to local entities.  Although many groups have been studying the problem, it comes down to cuts and taxes.

There will be no change in the tax plan to 1978’s Proposition 13 which started California down a long, dark road.  With effort, there may be a revision to the system of taxation generated by the proposition.  If you have read the article in SF Chronicle’s January 2 edition “Prop 13 in urgent need of retrofit” by Michael Gervais and Dontae Rayford, defunding special districts and creating regional property tax boards are the options suggested.  Neither change addresses the money that corporations don’t pay in taxes.

Governor Brown has been sworn in this week for a third term and one can figure that the dysfunctional sections of the California State Department of Education will get cuts, along with all state entities.  Let’s see if the temporary taxes made to balance previous budgets will be maintained.

The National Education Association in the January/February 2011 NEA today issue includes “The Long and Winding Road” by Mary Ellen Flannery and Kevin Hart. The writers covered the entire country and found priority schools that teachers have had some say in transforming.

However, the deficit is so large in California that it is hard to see how the state test (CST) and the evaluation system are going to be top priorities.  It is possible like Mary M. Kennedy has said that turning around low-performing schools should be the top priority.

Will that transformation ever happen?

Zoom to the Wide Picture

Wednesday, November 17th, 2010

Every day, TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, and blogs write as if the journalist had the answer to the education crisis in the United States.

It could be the person against teacher’s unions and all they’ve done in the past or will do in the future. Perhaps it is an evaluation of the past and future of the latest superintendent to resign-think D.C. and New York.  Read Newsweek, October 25, 2010 and the New York Times, daily last week as well as November 17, 2010.

It could be the latest bit of hand-wringing from, say, Education Week, on-line and hard copy magazine, that has an article giving a warning about the misuse of formative testing, another warning about Common Core Standards, a warning about easing the NCLB rules, and a current piece on teacher pre-service training.  It could be about the use of the Bible as a text, Newsweek, October 25.  Perhaps it’s the distinction between funding according to the church and state doctrine of the Constitution.  See the opinion article about Arizona in the New York Times, November 5, 2010, and even the TV excerpt during the election season depicting Christine O’Donnell’s lack of knowledge about the Constitution.

Once in awhile as in Newsweek, November 8, 2010, a short article about closing the achievement gap appears which is a genuine problem in the United States.  Of course, depending on the state, the gap can refer to Hispanic students, Native American students, and/or African-American students.  See Bob Herbert’s column “This Raging Fire” in the New York Times, November 16, 2010.

Every so often, an article will address the issue of teacher accountability and using “tests” as the marker of a good or “bad” teacher.  See “Teachers should not be judged on test scores alone” by Sandra Dean and Valerie Zeigler in the San Francisco Chronicle, November 11, 2010.  The article refers to the Los Angeles Times use of a summative test to evaluate grade 3 and 4 LA Unified teachers.  While there is some validity in the concept described in the LA Times, the Chronicle article outlines specific ways that teachers can and should be evaluated.

The big debate that readers rarely see in the news is the fiscal issue for schools all over the country as states struggle with budgets. Right now as 111th Congress sits down in a lame-duck session, members are voting on the tax issue of $700 billion.  Should wealthy Americans contribute more to the federal budget-i.e. their tax rate goes back to what it was in 2000, while the middle income and poor people contribute their share and no more?  The argument rages, but in perspective, $700 billion means 12 million jobs can be approved, private and public.  Everyone in Congress knows that teachers and construction workers are necessary, two areas of employment that will not evaporate and that influence all citizens.

John Muir Elementary in San Francisco is an example of one local school that has been lucky enough to qualify for funds, even though California is one of the states in the worst financial disaster. Know why? It is one of the 188 lowest performing schools in the state and must be helped by stimulus funds from the federal Department of Education.

Suddenly, as stated in the San Francisco Chronicle front page article “Reversal of Fortune” by Jill Tucker, November 13, 2010, the school has money for something simple like chart paper, as well as a literacy coach, staff development, and a new principal whose focus is literacy, the basis for lack of achievement.  The school has three years of substantial funding.  From experience there will be a major change quickly and then the school will need to stand firm to overcome the factors that remain obstacles to achievement.

Educational Earthquakes

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Last week we had another all-state earthquake drill.  Even Gavin Newsom, mayor of San Francisco, was under the desk at a school in the East Bay.  California is not kidding.  No hurricanes, no tornadoes, but schools are prepared for the unknown earthquake.

My 4th graders weren’t even born when the last major quake hit the bay area, October 21, 1989, but I remember it well.  I was waiting on my bike at the corner of the major intersection, on my way home from math tutoring.  I put my feet on the ground as the road started rumbling.  The guy next to me got out of his car, saying ‘That was a big one’ as an old lady fell to the ground.  After all the shocks stopped I was riding down the hill street, and another girl helped me stomp out a small fire that was burning in the dry grass.

This year’s earthquakes don’t heave the ground; instead financial choices and school choices are thrown around.  Especially with the elections coming up, day after day I read about the latest reform plan for some school, dependent on fiscal policy in the state.

In Monday’s New York Times, the article was about the New Jersey governor doing all he can to dump the teachers union.  Free marketers hate the unions, and I’m not sure how long this discussion about free market competition improving the quality of schools will continue.  What will happen in the meantime to low-performing schools whose students can’t wait for free markets to come up with, revise, and implement reform to make a unique, perfect school?  Some say good competitive schools are already providing a choice, but how many are actually receiving API of 900 like my traditional public school?  Right now, the score is the guide.

I know our school does well because the majority of parents are involved in the classroom and raise funds.  That’s how all the teachers, in spite of a severe budget crisis in the school district, managed to be retained for this year.

In my master’s classes I’ve reviewed the best language practices to show results.  For example, students need the skills to decode new vocabulary, infer, ask questions to analyze characters, predict.

Have you heard of ’silly bands’– thin rubber bands made in different shapes like a rabbit, a genie, a high-heel?  I used them in my master’s class to show how one uses those skills to figure out anything, even the form of a silly band.  I’ll tell you, those silly bands are one of the earthquakes in our school.  Right now they are causing an uproar in the lower grades and in my class, if I see one out, it goes in my drawer.

Still, I have students that read so well that during the language arts bloc each student has chosen a book and conferences with me at which time I give a mini-lesson about a skill not yet mastered.  Very different from other teachers in my master’s class who use an all class model to teach language arts.

At staff development at our school yesterday afternoon, another earthquake shook our vision of  teaching math.  Students are being asked to look at word problems and decode new vocabulary, infer, ask questions to analyze the operation, predict.  See what I mean about skills that will help a student do anything?

As long as the students learn to read for meaning and like books, including math books.  That is the goal for life, correct?