Archive for the ‘school reform’ Category

NEA Takes a Stand

Wednesday, March 30th, 2011

Talk, talk, talk! What are you saying? We’ve been waiting, and now NEA speaks out.

The National Education Association (NEA) magazine Neatoday, March-April 2011, has finally laid out its positions on evaluation and teacher’s rights. As outlined in an earlier post (1-19-11), in the early 20th century teachers were at the beck and call of their superiors. When 40 hour weeks, health benefits, vacation, due process before termination, and other conditions workers take for granted were wrested from corporations and school district boards by unions, then school teachers could stand up for their rights.

But now in their 21st century hearts, teachers are caught between fear of losing rights that assure stability and security in a profession where teachers suffered unnecessary injustices, and realization that current evaluation procedures are a joke. Don’t lay the blame on collective bargaining. Don’t focus on high-stakes decisions like the tenure bugaboo and the compensation gremlin. Those three issues sidetrack negotiations toward a successful evaluation system.

NEA’s article debunks most current efforts at evaluation plans. Particular variables are not taken into account. For example, unions dislike high-stakes testing as designed in the Elementary and Secondary Achievement Act (ESEA) known as No Child Left Behind. “This enormous, expensive, painful venture has had little or no effect on achievement.” NeaToday, March-April 2011, p. 20.  We read every day how school districts, in a poor budget environment, constantly scramble to find monies to put a basic program in place, much less pay for high-stakes testing.

Scratch “value-added” measurements of test scores over time.  It’s another theory proclaimed to provide an effective tool to separate strong from weak teachers. However, factors to determine those scores throw analysis into confusion. The variables complicate any attempts to determine the effectiveness of a teacher.

Have you heard of the sure-fire tool to improve student achievement? “Pay for Performance?” NEA doesn’t think so! Plenty of studies like the Scholastic Teacher Survey establish the incentives to motivate student achievement-for instance, collaboration, analysis of student success, administrative support.

The National Education Policy Center (NEPC) report, Getting Teacher Assessment Right by Patricia H. Hinchey, summarizes the valuable qualities of a teacher assessment/evaluation system that state Departments of Education would do well to read before going any further in designing a model.

The finger is pointed at critics who claim the only educational purpose of schools is to produce student academic success for which standardized tests give easily advertised scores to evaluate teachers.

Look the other way–most research laid out in the report’s detailed bibliography shows that the goal is to establish protocols for evaluation based on factors of Teacher Quality (education, experience, beliefs, capacity to learn), Teacher Performance (classroom interaction, collaboration with school community), and Teacher Effectiveness (curriculum implementation, student test scores, student motivation).

Let’s examine some of the participants in NEA’s Priority Schools Campaign. The union tries to keep an eye on the progress of schools in school districts trying to transform from failing to high-performing designation. Go to the article “In Alabama, ‘A Good Attitude is Infectious’” by Greg Johnson. There are ups and downs, but no quitters.

Those who offer a new plan proclaim its wonders. Those that fear change hate all evaluation systems. The outcome, however, depends on implementation as well as the design.

You know what that means, don’t you?

Same school issues, fierce opinions

Wednesday, March 23rd, 2011

In the media this past week, education news, opinion, and letters to the editor ranged from pieces on kids, parents, and teachers to budgets and unions. Same issues, fierce opinions.

Kids and parents…

On Monday, March 21, KQED, the local San Francisco NPR station, commented on the revised school assignment system from the district’s assignment center. After years of complaints, it now appears that parents are not requesting the neighborhood school as first choice, but the school with the preferred program–especially language immersion; schools with high-achieving scores on state tests; and new K-8 schools. Variety in school programs is wonderful for a diverse population. One hopes money doesn’t disappear as schools open next year.

Close schools or convert…

The Detroit school board, facing governance, academic, and above all, financial problems, is preparing to vote to convert 41 of the 141 public schools to charter schools. The financial manager brought in to straighten out the financial woes for the district feels the numerous low-performing schools must have a strong overhaul to begin to address the academic needs of students. The 73,000 students in the large urban district will attend new charters in September 2011 or find their neighborhood schools closed. District finances are that dire. The pros and cons can be read in 3/21/11 Edweek on-line.

How students do better…

Good health is an effect of good education. One year after the Affordable Care Act of 2010, economist William H. Dow, U.C. Berkeley, asserted the relationship between well-educated Americans and health.  The idea is that adults without a college degree, much less a high school diploma, have poor health habits and can’t get jobs to pay for health insurance. The circle of distress goes round and round.  The conclusion is that the California legislature and U.S. Congress should not be niggling over the cost of education because in the long term health costs will be saved. Sound plausible? See the March 20, 2011, San Francisco Chronicle “Insight” article.

Women on the children’s side…

Friday, March 18, 2011, Gloria Taylor, co-president of the California American Association of University Women, wrote a letter to the editor for the state’s 1,000 women members. The association, on behalf of women and children, supports the tax revenue extension proposition on the June 2011 ballot to bring the California budget into balance. Who will a balanced budget help? Students for sure.

Unions and the judge…

On Friday, March 18, 2011, efforts in Wisconsin to wipe out public sector collective bargaining rights were stalled when Judge Maryann Sumi of the Dane County Circuit Court in Madison, Wisconsin, ordered a temporary restraining order to block the law from taking effect. After a month of raucous marching and devious legislative maneuvering, both sides of the conflict are waiting for legal moves. Public sector employees hope for the best. Teachers know that collective bargaining is one tool for revising fraught evaluation procedures, the huge and necessary need for teacher stability.

Unions and Principals-both on the ‘Outs’

Wednesday, February 23rd, 2011

School districts in forty-four states and Washington, D.C. face a cumulative deficit of $125 billion in the fiscal year July 2011-June 2012 (Education Sector projections). With the current uproar in the U. S. over debt, deficit, and the downfall that will ensue if unions don’t give up collective bargaining, the transformation of failing schools is way off the radar.

High-volume quarrels fill the media. Union supporters remind us that the reason for the debt and deficit in all states but Wyoming is the recession. A slow recovery still hinders employment and lowers revenue available to fund services-like police, fire fighters, state legislature cafeteria workers, and teachers.

It is difficult to understand the connection made by conservative legislators who lay the blame on public sector union pensions and health benefits and collective bargaining. As if, when times were good, the legislators didn’t vote to make these funds available. As if, in hard times, taking away collective bargaining rights are going to make money appear by magic.

As this blog has noted before (see post 1-19-11), the same legislators provide data showing that public sector union employees have higher pensions and benefits than private sector workers, even those in unions. Is that an argument in favor of eliminating collective bargaining? The oppression of workers in big corporations-low pay, limited pension and weak health benefits–is another reason for the difficulty in improving the economy.

Seems like the troubled sides need help from the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. Do you think Wisconsin legislators, for instance, would agree?

At a recent conference “Advancing Student Achievement through Labor-Management Collaboration” in Denver, Colorado, February 15-16, 2011, participants sat down to address the real problem for U. S. schools. (Edweek, 2-18-11) The goal is to improve teacher evaluation, revise salary scales, and devise models to turn around failing schools. The event highlighted school districts that had found models to improve collaboration between unions and school district administrators.

About twelve districts were featured from New Haven, Connecticut, to Douglas County, Colorado. The important point was that in spite of tough budget situations, progress and transformation has happened. As far as collective bargaining, the advice was to get out of the win-lose model.

With such models, the issue of rapidly throwing out ineffective principals, a guideline of the U.S. Department of Education, can be less regimented. It’s true that new leadership in a school designated for ‘turnaround’ can generate a new way of thinking, especially if the new principal has been part of leadership training.

But appointing a new principal doesn’t guarantee success. Is the school improving under the current leadership and needs more time to get to a level of school improvement? Is the district administration supporting turnaround?

Dealing with school leadership has been an issue well before the change in U.S. Department of Education leadership. Preparing School Principals: A National Perspective on Policy and Program Improvement by Hale and Moorman, 2003, analyses the change: a long time lack of definition about a principal’s position to current proposals naming five key elements of leadership.

However, for those who watch the change it is amazing how quickly impetus to improve schools and school leadership has occurred with the new Department of Education guidelines. The problem nowadays is to educate enough principals willing to take on the challenges.

Tossing out principals will not always improve the school; district support for best practices will. Just like voting out collective bargaining with unions will not improve the economy; long term investment will.

Eliminate tenure-Ensure teacher quality

Wednesday, February 2nd, 2011

In the State of the Union speech earlier this month, President Obama spoke of moving education for the nation’s children up front. The time to exert ourselves is now. We can make improvements that will help the country grow long term.

Great! But the road to student success brings to mind a plethora of factors: tests, budgets, vouchers, evaluation, curriculum, core standards, classroom management, teacher preparation. The list goes on and on.

But wait! A number of state governors are making loud noises about teacher tenure. They are positive that eliminating just this single hundred year old fixture of teacher protection from arbitrary dismissal will solve the problem of low-performing schools.

Every teacher knows the stories of weak colleagues with high salaries and poor classroom management who couldn’t be dismissed without lengthy hearings and attempts to help them improve. And every teacher knows the stories of teachers who were harassed by administrators because they stood up for their rights until they left the profession.

Simply tossing teacher tenure from the state’s education legislation may be the easy thing to do, but would hardly be the solution to teacher quality or achievement for students.

Other measures are being debated.

For instance, Memphis city school system is trying to settle its budget woes by merging the city schools with the suburban schools of Shelby County, Tennessee. Such a merger has set off a conflict of rich and poor, urban vs. suburban needs, shifting costs. Still, those disputes are attempts to improve the achievement of students-the goal of education.

Maybe vouchers are the end all and be all. The Florida legislature has written another bill to make money available for students in failing schools to move to private schools. It could be one way to dismantle low-performing schools, but how to judge whether the particular private school is going to help the new students?

In New York City Schools, Learning Leaders is a volunteer organization that provides tutors and parent education to promote literacy for a school’s low-performing children. The results indicate higher scores on standardized tests, improved attendance, enhanced social skills and behavior. The model is an intense focus on factors to improve achievement for students.

How about three models espoused by organizations to improve teacher quality? William J. Slotnick of Community Assistance and Training Center has helped Denver Public Schools and Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools in North Carolina. They focus on models where teachers and principals set goals and select measures for yearly student achievement. Teacher evaluation is based on success in completing the goals.

A report on establishing teacher quality, written by Education Resource Strategies in Watertown, Massachusetts, suggests guidelines for schools, districts, and states. All suggestions are based on a bottom up strategy which should ensure teacher and union participation.

Here are the five suggestions: create teams to plan for change; empower the teams; build better steps to recruit highly qualified personnel to carry out the plan; help teachers achieve potential; reward personnel contributions to student achievement.

A third model offered by the National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality describes similar steps for improving student achievement and teacher quality. The NCCTQ report specifically takes up the ‘third rail’ of teacher tenure when addressing teacher evaluation issues.

In California all of the problems noted above are hitting the schools: budget woes and merging districts; education experts advocating vouchers; unions offering accountability models for teacher evaluation; models showing ways to improve student achievement in failing schools. It is highly unlikely that the California legislature will cut teacher tenure from the education code. It will, however, be part of a revised teacher evaluation system.

It will be a hard row to hoe. But the ask is to move forward, make change for the good of the country.

Winter’s Tale

Wednesday, January 26th, 2011

My fourth grade students tromp into class each January morning wearing down jackets, scarves, baseball caps, nylon basketball shorts, and tennies, or better yet, flip-flops. The conglomeration of clothes is my fourth graders’ way of high-fashion dress, a nod to freezing winter temperatures and a nod to California sunshine.

California Bay Area elementary school

California Bay Area elementary school

On the other hand, my students are serious learners. On return to school after New Year’s, we began a science unit on classification of animals and plants. They learn fast, hold facts in their brains, and are quick to apply what they know.

On the study question that asked students to classify creatures in a photo as omnivores (plant and meat eaters) or herbivores (plant eaters) and give reasons, most students claimed bacteria were omnivores while the teacher’s manual said bacteria were herbivores. However, the students claimed they were correct because scientists have learned that many bacteria digest anything. How do they know? These children watched a lot of media coverage about the gulf oil spill, especially when the reports talked about petroleum-eating bacteria.

What does any highly qualified teacher do? I analyzed the data. It turns out those students were generally correct, but they had not read the question carefully.

The students certainly knew about omnivores and herbivores and didn’t need to have a review lesson on that scientific topic. If I had given points only by counting correct answers, I would never know that these smart students needed more instruction on the study skill of reading the question carefully before deciding on an answer.

The more I read about the poor scores of students in the United States on summative tests like the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the more I shake my head. Recent NAEP science test results reported that only 34% of a sampling of 308,000 fourth graders were proficient. The test was given to schools nation-wide in early 2009.

Statistical array results can bring up a lot of questions. Teachers aren’t teaching enough science because the focus is on reading/language arts and math? Science instruction is given short shrift because the teaching/learning day isn’t long enough? Public school budget crises divert attention from student academic achievement? Professional development isn’t emphasized unless the topic is reading and math?

Or all of the above? Education experts arguing about reform often use the results from NAEP tests to bolster any and all of the positions listed above.

Still, at my school for my class of students in 2011, the answer is none of the above. Above all, we do have the resources to analyze data. So here is the conundrum. Our school district does not volunteer to give the NAEP assessment. But how many of my kids would have proficient scores on that exam? I think almost all of them.

The scores, however, would not tell me which students needed more help with the study skill of reading the question carefully. To be proficient in high school and college, students need that skill, not only science facts.

What the NAEP results do tell me is that one time scores give a glimpse of science learning in the country’s schools, but what teachers need is collaborative time to analyze results and make instructional decisions that address student needs at a particular school.

And remember, they’re only in fourth grade. Minus jackets and mufflers, they’ve run outside to play soccer at recess in the California sun.