Posts Tagged ‘No Child Left Behind’

To Fix NCLB or Not

Wednesday, November 2nd, 2011

Teachers sit in the middle of the muddle strewed around by California and Congress and the U.S. Department of Education.

November 1 means a rush of teaching in the school days before Thanksgiving and then three weeks of instruction before winter holiday vacation. What units can be completed in that timeframe?  Very few teachers have a moment to consider the legislation passed in the state, much less the fixes that the Senate has supposedly made to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) or the conditions of the waivers offered by the U.S. Department of Education.

To many in the education world, the waiver and its conditions seem to be a program worth attending to. It asks for growth data, requires goals to take the place of the lock-step NCLB yearly progress; and encourages data-driven accountability systems for both students and teacher evaluation.

The main problem is using the standardized or criterion-referenced tests to measure growth during the year. There are too many qualifiers as related in the San Francisco Chronicle, November 1, 2011, article “Test scores a poor measure” by David B. Cohen of Accomplished California Teachers. Assessing the improvement of students or teachers depends on more than one test a year.

On the other hand, the revisions approved by the Congressional Senate Education Committee have gone too far in relaxing accountability for schools. The language leads many disparate groups to worry about the most under-served kids. It’s a bill with deregulation at its core that allows state departments of education to set their own rules, that is, back to the old ways.

The state of California, with a legislature ever ready to stick its fingers in every small muddle, has come up with seven pieces of education legislation to fuss over in the Senate and Assembly-only two of which come even close to addressing the problems with student and teacher accountability. Concerns about head and neck injuries in sports and rules about administering emergency medical assistance to students with epilepsy are important, but guaranteed to cause unforeseen consequences.

The two bills that actually address instructional and learning issues concern the Common Core Standards (CCS) that the state’s Department of Education has approved. Align the English Learning Development curriculum to the CCS (AB 124) and approve additional instructional materials to go with the changed standards (AB 140)–a money issue.

Finally, the California Teachers Association (CTA) stand against an “unfunded top-down approach” by the U.S. Department of Education seems intractable. The CTA is leery of any premise that includes accountability by testing only.  A detailed report on evaluation for teachers has been written by the Accomplished California Teachers called A Quality Teacher in Every Classroom: An Evaluation System that Works for California (2010). A clue-the report advocates teacher input in an evaluation system.

Time to teach vs. time to reflect

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

My fourth graders have been in school 8 weeks and already it’s time to have the first conferences with parents. I have a rambunctious and very smart bunch this year to reflect on.

Last week, we went to the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine, a county park, now renovated and a must-see for every fourth grader in the Bay Area. The date my school could reserve is well-before we begin California Gold Rush unit. Still, the kids were enthusiastic to see mining tools and hear about procedures to extract quicksilver (mercury) from which gold could be separated. They will be prepared.

Our science unit covers rocks and minerals, and the docent at the Mine showed the students cinnabar, which the Ohlone Indians dug up well before Europeans entered California, as well as quartz and quicksilver. Every part of this country is extraordinary in its own way, but California students have opportunities to see everything from the ocean to the valley to the mountains. The parents I will be conferencing with are aware of their children’s good luck.

Which makes me think hard when I read or hear stories in the news about big school districts that must lay off staff-tutors, counselors, parent liaisons. Is it the stingy state legislators elected in 2010 or mismanagement in a large school district bureaucracy (that tightfisted legislators blame)? Children in those states will not have money set aside to see unusual places that make up the world where they live. Schools won’t even have money to support the students who need extra help with reading and math.

When I have time to read professional journals, every teacher magazine, newsletter, and website is relieved to report the revisions to the flawed parts of the No Child Left Behind Act. However, rather than focusing on change in education policy, many states and also California conservatives are offering bills and initiatives to block contributions from unions to campaigns, calling it “paycheck protection.” Don’t forget, a teacher in California can request their dues not be used for political purposes. In the bills being introduced, corporations may not request a political contribution from employees, but can still call in huge profits to fund initiatives.

I prefer to spend the school day helping students choose good books at their reading level because almost all read at grade level, if not higher. The need is to understand or “make meaning” of the text. Those are the lessons I teach. Unlike many low-performing schools which draw students in my Master’s degree preparation classes, I also have the time to teach science and social studies.

I don’t think I will ever regret choosing and being hired by a modest-sized school district with a conscientious set of parents. Even two years ago when the budgets were much worse than this year, everyone stood together. I can count on the parents of my fourth graders to stand by educational issues that are important.

Open School Doors for Little Ones

Wednesday, September 28th, 2011

In thirty-four months since January 21, 2009, thought in the education world has changed dramatically.

For instance, San Francisco Unified has become a field test district with a 3-year grant from S.D. Bechtel Foundation to try out Common Core Math Standards agreed to by 45 states in the U.S. (See “New take on math-will it add up?” by Jill Tucker, San Francisco Chronicle, September 27, 2011). The common core standards were developed from the haphazard standards of 50 individual states, revised and aligned with the guidance of the Council of Chief State School Officers and the oversight of the National Governors’ Association. To be sure, the standards can’t be mistaken for a takeover by the federal government.

Data driven analysis of student and school improvement has been adopted by many states. The talk is about how to evaluate teacher and school progress-not whether to evaluate. To the consternation of many, Oakland Public Schools in California, troubled for years, is planning to shut five schools in its effort to improve finances and the achievement of its students. On the other hand, legislation set in California to allow parent choice to get rid of staff, move to another school, or set up a charter school is coming about in low-income Compton USD.

And not least, the offer by the U.S. Department of Education to look at state plans to improve schools is an effort to provide a realistic chance to see student achievement mandated by No Child Left Behind. The adequate yearly progress (AYP) benchmarks, long seen as unlikely for every child to reach, can now be modified-not to fall back into the easy rut, but to set flexible and achievable goals.

Two news stories about four and five year olds beginning school should make anyone with interest in the world of education sit up and pay attention. We are seeing movement for policies endorsed by the federal government to expand Early Childhood Education.

This school year in California, the date by which a child may enter kindergarten has changed. September 1 is the cut-off date. It reduces the number of very young boys and girls who are asked to settle into the social and academic activities of the ten month kindergarten year. The expectation is that a child’s chronological age will more closely match his/her readiness to learn. In addition, the number of children held out of kindergarten by parents will be reduced, a controversial choice outlined in “Delay Kindergarten at Your Child’s Peril” by Sam Wang and Sandra Aamodt In The New York Times, September 25, 2011..

Still, it will be to no child’s advantage if funding for Head Start is pulled out from under a wonderful program that most middle-class children have available to them from private sources. In the desire to cut the federal debt, conservative Congress members have proposed such short-sighted ideas. Especially in the current economy, poor children are the most vulnerable group in America. In 2010, 30+% of children 0-5 years old lived in families with income below the poverty line.

Now why would anyone think it was a bargain to cut funding that would leave those children behind in readiness skills to which other kindergarten children have access? And which leads to less likelihood of proficiency in the reading, language, math, science and history common core standards expected of every child in the United States by the time they graduate high school?

School Starts So Soon

Wednesday, August 17th, 2011

The school year has begun one week earlier than last year. San Francisco, San Jose, and my district are starting in order to cover the curriculum standards before the school days zip by and state testing looms before us.

Not that I haven’t been in school most of the summer. If one wants a Master’s degree, summer is the time to finish two more classes. I did take a vacation, but not before I wrote a literature review, synthesizing 30 peer-reviewed research articles; planned my research project for the second year of the MA program; and wrote up the project’s organization–research on how well students perform non-fiction writing when reading science and social studies books, not the textbook.

California schools received the results of the summative tests taken last spring. Our school did well, though not the highest scoring school in the district. On the Academic Performance Index (API), the state’s scoreboard, the school has maintained its 900+. Any school in the state would be overjoyed with such a score.

I’ve been reading the newspapers and it’s a good thing our school is high-performing because school budgets in California are still wobbly. The 188 low-performing schools throughout the state will be earmarked to receive any state and federal monies left in the bucket.

Those schools would benefit from the waivers that the U.S. Department of Education is offering if California shows a plan that will demonstrate progress to reach benchmarks. Friends in my MA program at San Jose State University who teach in low-performing schools are hoping the state will adjust the benchmarks. Even our school won’t reach the No Child Left Behind law’s Annual Yearly Progress scores by 2014. Already our Hispanic and African-American students are falling behind.

The San Francisco school described in the San Francisco Chronicle, August 16, 2011, article “State schools closer to making the grade” will certainly benefit from a plan to celebrate gains students have made. Wouldn’t the wise move be to provide resources to continue improvement rather than punish the school for not making benchmarks that were unrealistic to begin with?

According to the article, the students at San Francisco’s John Muir Elementary are spending the year on strategies to become good readers. My students can read well; they need to improve their ability to write non-fiction compositions. Maybe one genre for my research project can be simple persuasive essays. My students can persuade Tom Torlakson, new California Superintendent of Public Instruction, to apply for a waiver from the U.S. Department of Education. Relieve the stress on students to reach unrealistic benchmarks. Every class has at least one student who would benefit from a compromise.

Winding Down

Wednesday, May 25th, 2011

The 2010-2011 public school year winds down as students, parents, and school boards spend the final weeks rounding up support to keep programs going in the fall.

parents and their children at a Colorado school

parents and their children at a Colorado school

The small parochial school Ventana in Los Altos, California, has made the local news and spends time soothing neighbors about the expansion of student enrollees. Sounds like a good thing, but it means more cars roaming the streets on the way to drop students off and louder play yard noise. A neighborhood meeting at Christ Episcopal Church on May 23, 2011, hoped to overcome the not-in-my-backyard concerns.

Let’s look at the curriculum that makes school a lively place-libraries, art, music, theater, sports. Did you read about high school students busking in subway stations to garner cash for the music program at the high school? Did you see the photo of kindergartners loping around the racetrack in the fundraiser for the library at a school in San Rafael? Cupertino schools are in their second cycle of high-hopes fund raising with the help of community businesses who pass on a small percent of total sales for a day to the Education Fund. See “Parents, faculty, students go all out” by Jill Tucker, San Francisco Chronicle, May 23, 2011, for more summer plans. Are you reminded of the tune “Money Makes the World Go Round?”

In the meantime, special education support for every single student hits an obstacle course when public schools must provide funding that is not available for the expensive education needs of severely handicapped students–physically disabled, autistic, behavior disability due to drug toxicity. While the policies to serve these students are laudable, school districts look at the cost, and no matter the legal outcome, no one wins. See “Parents Battle School Districts for Special Support” by Trey Bundy, The Bay Citizen, May 22, 2011. A cake walk at the school carnival is not going to do the trick.

Across the country in Levittown, Pennsylvania, the school board can only express dismay when the state funds and federal stimulus funds dry up–on which the Bristol Township School District relied. What a way to close around your schools at the end of a successful year. A district that had followed No Child Left Behind requirements and finally had pulled up the student achievement levels in its failing schools, finds itself with a $10 million shortfall for next year. The loss of funds means cutting programs, teachers, tutors-all that helped students improve.  Dog shows, bake sales, walk-a-thons won’t provide $10 million. Not even a gift from the Bill Gates Foundation would keep the schools going over time. It’s the economy, everyone. The entire sad tale is found in The New York Times, May 22, 2011, “The Math of Heartbreak” by Michael Sokolove.

Finally in The Atlantic, June 2011, you can read Joel Klein’s “Scenes from the Class Struggle.” His job as New York City Superintendent of Schools has wound down via resignation, but his opinions are flying high. He begins with statistics from national and state test scores which are not good. He moves on to describe the divisions in our society because of economic policies favoring the wealthy and turning away from the underclass. Politics in Congress, state legislatures, and unions are blameworthy.

The section describing the rationale to attract new, well-educated, conscientious teachers was most interesting and plausible. He suggests realigning the salary scales to front-load compensation for new teachers, encouraging them to continue. Eliminate automatic step increases as employees stay in the system. Provide opportunities for bonuses when taking on any of the necessary additional activities in a public school. For example, attending student study teams or leading data analysis study or agreeing to be designated teacher when the principal is away. In addition, negotiate decent pensions, but no longer so great that teachers hang on just to claim the benefits with no system in place to show accountability for student success.

Of course, Klein was speaking of the over-all national problems circling around school reform no matter how big or small the district. School boards will nod their combined heads in agreement; then turn to huddle about scraping up $5 to $10 million before September 2011.